Writting- Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writting- - Essay Example I was to sit and work from this part of the office. The organization where I started my internship deals in health care. They run about twelve health care homes where patients are admitted. Moreover, they also deal in providing medical equipment, like wheel chairs, and other medical supplies, including insulin and other medication to vendors, who, in turn, provide these to patients. My work involves conducting patient satisfaction surveys over the phone. I have to make calls to the patients and ask them various questions regarding their satisfaction; this includes asking them if the delivery of the medical equipment was timely and in working order. After each survey, I have to submit the findings to my supervisor who analyzes them and then puts the information into the database. I also have to arrange and organize the files of the patients who apply to the home health aid organization. This includes the files of the patients who get accepted to the homes as well as those whose applications are rejected by the organization. I have to arrange and sort through these files and ensure that the filing remains up to date. It is interesting work as not only do I work with filing, but I also interact with patients. This helps me to stay in touch with the people who are involved in the organization – I stay in contact with my colleagues as well as the patients who come to the organization. I feel more fulfilled at my work place because I believe that my job helps to improve the organization that has employed me; I am involved in gathering feedback from the patients with regard to the organization, and then handing it to my supervisor who makes sure that the information is noted down for any action that may be required. My internship, therefore, gives me a sense of accomplishment, and I am glad to be given this

Long-Term Investment Decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Long-Term Investment Decision - Essay Example The following sections provide an outline of ways to meets the price problem and other issues such as, government intervention in the industry. Price elasticity of demand assesses sensitivity of quantity demanded with respect to change in price. Price elasticity is being considered in decision-making process of the company because with rise in price of food ingredients (raw material), it is naturally assumed that price of the final product will also increase. In this situation, managers need to analyze the impact of price change on product demand. The demand can be either elastic or inelastic. Elastic demand will alter with the price change, while inelastic demand tends to be static with price change. The demand of necessity product is usually inelastic in nature (Fibich, Gavious & Lowengart, 2005). For example, if the company is operating in a location where individuals are extremely busy, have no time to cook at home and are highly healthy conscious, then demand of the products of Fitness Food will be inelastic, unless the price change is unreasonably high. On the contrary, areas where fresh food is easily available and i ndividuals have access to home-made food and fresh fruits, the demand will be negatively elastic in case of price change (Senauer, 2001). Keeping in view the problem that management is facing, application of a customized pricing strategy is essential to resolve problems related to price elasticity. Optimal pricing policy is otherwise known as perfect price discrimination; implementation of this policy would mean that Fitness Food will have to segment its consumer market in different groups and have to research the amount that consumers are willing to pay for packaged food. The company has to determine optimal price and volume, which is also referred as the price and volume of the product that will maximize its profit. Fitness Food has to determine preference of its consumers and their price sensitiveness with the help of distributors and

How Big Food Companies Influence Consumer Behaviour Marketing Essay

How Big Food Companies Influence Consumer Behaviour Marketing Essay Food is one of the most imperative necessities in peoples everyday life. Since it is an indispensable part of everyones life, people seldom think about how much food we consume and what kind of factors usually influence us when we eat and buy. According to National Statistics, in the past one year, 63 million UK consumers in total spent 173.6 billion pounds on food, drink and catering services, which means food cost each British consumer 2,756 pounds in average in 2011(Food Statistics Pocketbook 2011, 2011). It is quite easy to measure the amount food people consume in quantitative analysis; however, to predict consumers behaviour in daily food consumption is difficult. General information about some big food companies People enjoy benefits of modern transportation system and get food produced anywhere from local stores. However, most of food illustrated on the shelves of supermarkets comes mainly from some big food companies. Those companies have strong influences on consumers whether they realize it or not. The biggest two food companies in the world are Nestlà © and Kraft. According to the key figures on Nestlà ©s global website, their sales in the year 2011 was 83,642 million in Swiss franc (CHF), which equals to approximate 87,191 million in US Dollar(Nestlà ©, Inc.,2012). For Kraft, its revenue of 2010 was 49,200 million in US Dollar (Kraft, Inc., 2012). Countries like New Zealand, its GDP in 2010 were only about 119,200 million in US Dollar. From these figures, it gives a clear indication of the gigantic size of these food companies. Every single day, they sell thousands of packaged food to consumers all over the world. The influence of these conglomerates on consumers behaviour is prevalent. Definition of Consumer Behaviour How do people make their choice in the process purchasing? How do they react to price, promotions, sales and advertisements? These kinds of questions can be answered in research scope of consumer behaviour. According to Robert East (2008), marketing is a customer of consumer research. Although consumer behaviour is a complicated concept, it can be measured by some systematic research to some extent. For example, if the price is dropped by 10%, how much do sales change correspondingly? We can use methods of statistics, psychology and market research to measure the size of effect (East, 2008). Project statement In this project, it will main focus on consumer behaviour in food buying process. Some examples and cases about industry-leading companies will be given to show how these world-leading food companies influence the most important part-food, in peoples daily life. Some critical analysis will be included in this thesis to help consumers to have an understanding of buying food from a different perspective. East, R., Vanhuele, M. and Wright, M. (2008). Consumer Behaviour Applications in Marketing. Oak, CA: SAGE Publications. Definition ( Consumer Behaviour) what is consumer behaviour How do people make their choice in the process purchasing? How do they react to price, promotions, sales and advertisements? These kinds of questions can be answered in research scope of consumer behaviour. According to Robert East (2008), marketing is a customer of consumer research. Although consumer behaviour is a complicated concept, it can be measured by some systematic research to some extent. For example, if the price is dropped by 10%, how much do sales change correspondingly? We can use methods of statistics, psychology and market research to measure the size of effect (East, 2008). Consumers as decision makers For consumers, decision making process is quite similar to an evaluate process. Usually, customers compare pros and cons of target goods with other alternatives. It is easy for us to assume that consumers are individual decision makers. However, many decisions are made in groups and marketers use mass media, word of mouth and price to influence groups of consumers choices since these consumers share some common features. Dietary habit(behaviour) in food buying process According to National Statistics : Food prices rose sharply (12% in real terms) in 2007 and 2008 following rises in agricultural commodity prices and rises in fuel prices. The four year rise between June 2007and June 2011 was 26%; over 12% in real terms. But Spend on eating out fell by 5.2% in real terms between 2007 and 2010. (Food Statistics Pocketbook 2011, 2011, pp25-26). These figures show that with the increase of food price, spend on eating out by British was lower than before. It means the cost of eating out may increase according to food price and people are quite sensitive on the cost spent on money According to National Statistics (Food Statistics Pocketbook 2011, 2011), in 2010 UK households spent  £24.50 on food and non-alcoholic drinks for household supplies, with 23% going on meat. National Statistics reported: Overall 15% of edible food and drink purchases are wasted each year. Different foods are wasted at different rates; 17%of overall food purchases, 7.1% of soft drinks and 6.3% of alcoholic drinks are wasted. Avoidable food and drink waste in the home is estimated by WRAP at  £12 billion per year or  £480 per household. These wastes were probably caused by misestimating food consumption by households or triggered by the sales and promotions. Food marketing strategy used by food companies to influence consumers Food industry sponsor nutrition research In the new millennium, it is quite common for businesses to invest money in scientific research national committees in food and nutrition realm. A British study showed that of 246 members, 158 are funded by food companies (Nestle. M, 2001). Actually, it is a kind of advertisement and marketing strategy to influence buyer behaviour and both sides gain interests together. Food companies provide financial supports to nutrition and agriculture schools for consulting advices, speech of professors on conferences and findings of academic research. Companies also advertise in professional journals, newspapers and conferences. One investigation report of vitamin manufacturer showed that if professors are given travel subsidies, gifts or research funds, they will be more likely to have a positive attitude toward their sponsors products (Nestle, 2001). It is not to say that industry-sponsored research is always biased, but there shows a higher inclination to favour the sponsors commercial interests. By this way, consumers are influenced by the findings of scientific research and their sponsoring company. Advertising is another important benefit food companies want to achieve by supporting nutrition research. Food and beverage companies place advertisements on program leaflets, offer scholarship to outstanding students in the department, and gift free stationaries, accessories coffee and snakes with their company logos during the coffee breaks. For example, the Mars Company funded obesity prevention and treatment session, which helped it to build a healthful and positive imagine in the chocolate business. These kinds of advertisements affect publics attitudes toward health food from deep root, which will reflect in consumer behaviour in the process of purchasing. Price incentives In the market place, buyers are influenced by many factors, e.g. price, action of competitors, quality and etc. Although price is not the only factor that influence consumers, in most cases, purchasers are price-oriented and easy to be stimulated by price incentives. In common sense, if a produce is cheaper than it is expected, it will be more likely to be bought and vice versa. However, it is not the only way that price influences consumer behaviour. In supermarket, we can find sales and reduction in formats such as buy two get on free, buy one get the second half price, or up to 50% off. It is called price framing and those words make the promotions look attractive. According Nestles research (2001), he suggested that the use of price framing is an effective pricing tool and it can affect peoples judgements. Actually, different frames result in the same expenditure (Nestle, 2001). There are some typical types of frames we can find everywhere in our life. Membership fees of Gyms can be presented in 25 pounds per month instead of total amount 300 pounds for a year. 99-ending indicates a good deal, since a price starting with a 1 looks smaller than a price starting with a 2. Actually, companies do not lose money because of the 1 penny lower in pri ce but it does promote the sales by making consumers feel it is cheaper. Another interesting finding by Yang. S and her colleagues (2009) pointed out that numerical price formats also have a substantial influence on consumer purchase behaviour. According to their research that the written or scripted format of price on menu can remind people of concept of cost, since the word dollar or symbol $ may cause a pain of payment. This leads eaters to buy less in the restaurants. If restaurants avoid these monetary sign and use numbers only, it will result in more spending (Yang.S and et al, 2009). Surprisingly, it is not only price itself but the format of price can also influence consumer behaviour in buying process. Build brand loyalty Brand loyalty represents a favourable attitude toward a brand resulting in consistent purchase of brand over time said by Assael (2004). For example, if there are several brands of chips offered to a person, he or she chooses one kind of these brand rather than the others for enough time to show the satisfaction towards to this particular brand. It is called brand loyalty. To consumers, the habit of choosing the same brand for several times means the reduction of risk. According to the blind test on two competing brands of cola carried out by Maison. Greenwald and Bruin (2004), many consumers who claimed they have explicit preferences on Coca-Cola or Pepsi cannot identify these two brands by their taste. However, when they can see the brand name, they show strong preferences. From this point, brand loyalty is more about the name or the image of a brand rather than their function or taste. By this way, many food companies launch their new product by using existed brand name, which can help the new product to acquire higher acceptance. the dark side of consumer behaviour in food industry addictive consumption Salted Food may be an addictive substance that stimulates opiate and dopamine receptors in the brains reward and pleasure centre more than it is tasty, while salted food preference, urge, craving and hunger may be manifestations of opiate withdrawal. Salted food and opiate withdrawal stimulate appetite, increases calorie consumption, augments the incidence of overeating, overweight, obesity and related illnesses. Obesity and related illnesses may be symptoms of Salted Food Addiction. consumer terrorism Examples: 1990,pepsi weathered its own crisis when more than 50 reports of syringes found in diet pepsi cans surfaced in 23 states compulsive consumption example: 2011, salt out of stock in china. There is a rumour that salt can prevent harmful effect of radiation caused by nuclear leak in Fukushima, Japan. Conclusion: From perspective of big food companies From perspective of individual consumers

Financial Ratio Analysis Essay -- Business Finance

Before beginning an analysis of a company it is necessary to have a complete set of financial statements, preferably for the pas few years so that historical trends can be obtained. Ratios are a way for anyone to get an idea of the financial performance of a company by using the information contained in the financial statements. Ratios are grouped into four basic categories, liquidity, activity, profitability, and financial leverage. This document will use a variety of these ratios to analyze the firm, Sample Company, as of December 31,2000. Financial Statement Ratios Profitability Ratios The ratios returns on investment (ROI) and return on equity (ROE) are two of the most popular measure of profitability of a company and, along with the P/E ratio, have the most significant value of any of the ratios. The DuPont Model expands on the ROI calculation by inserting sales and it's relationship to the companies' generation of profits and utilization of assets into the calculation. Additional profitability ratios include the price earnings ratio (P/E), the dividend payout and the dividend yield. The price earnings ratio helps to indicate to investor how expensive the shares of common stock of a firm are. Dividend yield is part of the stockholders ROI and is represented by the annual cash dividend. Dividend yields have historically been between 3% to 6% for common stock and 5% to 8% for preferred stock. Dividend payout ratio shows the proportion of the earnings paid to common shareholders. Dividend payout for manufacturing companies range from 30% to 50%, but can vary widely. Dupont Analysis (ROI) - Return on Investment The return on Investment (ROI) is important because it describes the rate of return the company was able to... ... ratios, should be assessed over time in order to verify their meaning. Sample Company For our Sample Co. there are several ratios that are low, for the average manufacturing company. The ROI and ROE are below average as are the current ratio and the acid-test ratio. The P/E ratio is $42 / $3.51 = 12, which seems very good and both the debt ratio and debt to equity ratio are within the guideline. With the good and bad of these ratios hard to tell what sort of industry this is. With the ROI, ROE, and acid-test low like they are it doesn't seem like a retailer/merchandising company, and a e-commerce for 2000 would probably have a P/E greater than 12. What that leaves is an international service company of some kind, so I'll go with that. Marshall, D. H., McManus, W. W, & Viele, D. (2002). Accounting: What the Numbers Mean. 5th ed. San Francisco: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.

Psychology of Human behavior Essay

Psychology is an aspect of science which basically study behavior and the human mind. The definition is a triad of component in that it contains a scientific scope or aspect, the human behavior and the human mind. The scientific study approach each aspect of it study in a systematic approach and in an objective manner of observing the changes and the experiment as a whole. Behavior see the changes in what human do such as measuring or observing things like blinking of an eye or tachycardia which simply means increase in heart rate. The mind is the unconscious and conscious mental aspect of humans. There has been a lot of psychological influence both in the past and present on the perception of human behavior, all of which can be attributed to the great research and experiment conducted by different psychologist and scientist to understand human nature. In the aspect of learning, there are different experiments conducted to understand what learning entails. Some of the works range from the experiments of the Edwards Lee Thorndike in the year 1898. He was one the people that lay the foundation of the new behaviorism. He conducted an experiment on the animal learning modalities where he used cats. The cats were placed in a cage and food was then placed outside the cage. He timed the duration the cats took to learn the method of opening the cage to get to the food. He then repeated the experiments and later found that the cats would repeat such behavior that already worked for the cats so it can escape to get the food. With the result of the experiment he then proposed the â€Å"the law of effect†. Among the great works on the behaviorism is the work of the Russian Ivan Pavlov. He is a physiologist and he had won a Nobel Prize before the experiment on the behaviorism. He conducted this experiment in 1906. The experiment which was later termed or called the pavlovian or classical condition has since remained one of the most important principle of the learning and human behavior. He found out that a dog that has food repeatedly placed in it’s mouth will tend to salivate even if the food is placed in the dogs mouth. He then conditioned the placement of food in the dog’s mouth with the ringing of the bell. He later discovers that if the bell is rang alone even without placing the food in the dog’s mouth, the dog will eventually salivate. In this experiment, Pavlov proved that there is a type of learning where organisms tend to associate one stimulus with another. He called this the classical conditioning. Later researches had already confirmed that this learning modalities to be common in most people (Microsoft Encarta, 2008). Thorndike and Pavlov works serves as template for other developers of the theory of behaviorism. In the year 1913, a renowned psychologist at the Johns Hopkins University known as John Watson publish his research work on the animal behavior. This set a clear vision for the psychology of behavior. Publication entitled â€Å"Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It. † With his goals to completely redefine the concept of behaviorist psychology wrote a purely objective experimental branch of natural science (Microsoft Encarta, 2008). He encourages his other contemporaries to abandon all the speculative theories about unconsciousness. He emphasized on the importance of observing and the need also to quantify behavior. The works of John Watson encourage more American psychologists to adopt the concept of behaviorism and the use of animals for such experiments. Later there were different setting up of laboratories that with the sole purpose of studying, predicting and controlling human behavior. what the behaviorist focused on is to vary a stimulus in a specified period in time and then observe the animals’ response to such varied response. The psychologist of that time sees no reason why speculation should be made in regards to the site of the mental abilities. One of the Watson point of view is of belief that recording of certain musculature in the oropharynx should be the order of the day and not just talking to oneself silently. In the late 1930s behaviorism was taking to another pedestal with the works of the B. F Skinner. He was regarded as the most forceful leader of behaviorism and he coined the word reinforcement, he made an apparatus named the Skinner box and this he used to test the animals. He conducted the animal experiment on rats and pigeon and then identified some specific response and mode of learning. He argued that there is always a place of reinforcement in human learning process. The reinforcement can be from within the person’s vicinity. He called this process of learning the operant conditioning. B. F. Skinner experiments and point of view made him one of the most famous behaviorists of the 20th century. Operant conditioning explains the way a mouse can learn to maneuver via a maze. What Skinner did was to reward the mouse with a food when the mouse gets to the side of the first turn of the maze. So once this first part of learning is ingrained, the reward giving to the mouse is then stopped until the mouse is able to make the second turn and after several times of moving through the maze the mouse will get to the end of it and gets its rewards. The works of Skinner was later applied in behavior modification in places like the classrooms and hospitals. â€Å"With his knowledge in human behavior and learning, he later invented the first teaching machine† (Microsoft Encarta, 2008).

Environmental issues Essay

It was not yet realized by the public the seriousness of the environmental problems we face if not for the issue on global warming. Dozens of organizations, many of them with international memberships, are now working on everything from saving wildlife to developing new sources of energy. But pollution, energy consumption and economic growth are independent problems. Effective programs for dealing with one of them often aggravate the others. For example, devices that clean automobile exhaust and reduce air pollution also decreases fuel economy, thereby using up our limited reserves more rapidly. Similarly, banning the burning of household trash reduces air pollution but increases environmental pollution, as land, animals and scenery are sacrificed for strip mines and oil wells, and the wastes produced by the fuel are dumped into the environment. On the other hand, ignoring the need for more energy retards the economy, thereby increasing unemployment and possibly reducing food product ion. Nature is fighting back against the abuses we have inflicted upon it! Due to human carelessness that damaged the environment, many communities are now suffering from environmental crises. The air that you breathe contains gases such as oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide in certain amounts. But many people live in areas where the air contains pollutants that are harmful to their health. Air pollution is a common problem in congested and urban areas (The Washington Times 2006, p.26). Food, air and water needed for life’s processes which the environment provides unfortunately contain harmful substances called pollutants. The presence of air, water and soil in the environment is of waste materials or pollutants which the environment cannot handle, degrade, disperse or diffuse so that it becomes unclean and unhealthy is called pollution (Colla 2002, p.125). Â  There are four general types of pollution, namely: 1. Air Pollution – It is an undesirable change in the physical and chemical characteristics of air. Industrial plants, motor vehicles, indiscriminate throwing and burning of refuse everywhere make the air polluted. Cigarette smoking contributes to air pollution, most especially in enclosed places. Foul smell from waste and methane gas emitted through the combustion of refuse contributes to the problem of air pollution (Kemp1994, p.23). Prolonged exposure to air pollution may cause/aggravate respiratory and other diseases as well as irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. 2. Water Pollution – this results when water contains more harmful substances such as harmful bacteria and poisonous chemicals, than it can naturally get rid of. The dumping of domestic and industrial wastes into the rivers, canals, and other water bodies causes pollutants to be introduced into waterways. Frequent flooding which carry topsoil and sewage into the water supplies pollute the water, too. Sugar mills, distillers and mining firms without proper waste disposal systems are among the principal polluters of the nation’s waterways. Soap and water detergents produce enormous persistent layers of suds on the surface of receding waters. Substances such as harmful bacteria and poisonous chemicals are likely to cause gastro-intestinal diseases, cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery, infectious hepatitis, food poisoning and even death. Mercury in sea water is absorbed by tiny plants that provide food for small fish, which is eaten by a larger fish. When they are eaten by men, mercury is deposited in the kidneys and brain which may cause death when accumulated (Kemp 1994, p.23). 3. Land Pollution – This takes place when harmful substances are introduced into the soil making it unable to sustain plant life. Dumping areas are breeding places of disease carriers such as flies, rodents, mosquitoes and cockroaches. Uses of excessive amounts of fertilizer, pesticides and other toxic chemicals can destroy the ability of the soil to self-generate. They deplete the nutrients, harden the texture, and increase toxicity, making the soil less productive. Other causes of land pollution are atomic fallouts and mine tailings which poison agricultural lands. Toxic residues from the accumulation of chemicals in the land can cause cancer and other diseases (Kemp 1994, p.24). 4. Noise Pollution (Persistent noise) – This refers to the presence of too loud, too sudden or very unpleasant sound that becomes an assault to the body causing mental or physical harm. The roaring of motor vehicles, grating sound of jackhammer, squeaking of tires, screeching brakes, blaring television sets, radios and stereos and even loud shouting are some types of dangerous noises when one is continuously exposed to them. Noise pollution affects not only the ears but also directly or indirectly impairs the mind and the whole body. Directly, it can cause deafness; indirectly, it may lead to increased heart beat and high blood pressure that eventually cause cardiovascular disease (Kemp 1994, p.24). Most pollution is caused by man, pollutants will increase as population grows, and hence, minimizing the production of pollutants and managing its proper disposal must be the goal of every human being. But the air pollution must be given extra attention by the government, society and each individual to protect people from this environmental danger, not only for ourselves but for future generations. Air Pollution, Environmental Hazard There are five basic pollutants of air are carbon monoxide, sulfur oxide, hydrocarbons (organic compounds made up of hydrogen and carbon) and small particles that float in the air (Jordan 2005, p.12-20). Sources of Air Pollution 1. Automobile exhausts The poisonous carbon monoxide in the air comes from automobiles. Nitrogen oxide and hydrocarbons are also produced as by-products of engine combustion. The more vehicles there are on the road, the greater is the possibility of pollution. Unleaded gasoline and some anti-pollution automobile parts cut down the amount of pollutants in the air. But transportation vehicles are still a major cause of air pollution. 2. Industry Industries are responsible for the second largest amount of pollution in the air, next only to vehicles. Fuels that are used in some industries may give off large amounts of sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide and harmful particles of dust and ash. Sulfur oxide is made when fuels containing sulfur like coal are burned. Certain industrial processes may give off more of one pollutant than another. This depends on the kind of fuel used and the product that is being made. 3. Individuals People pollute the air in many ways. Each time a person smokes a cigar/cigarette, the air is being polluted when he burns trash, air pollution is increased. More pollution is added when he uses wood for cooking or to keep warm during the cold months or cool during the hot months. Effects of Air Pollution 1. Respiratory disorders If you have breathed polluted air, the eyes may water, the nose may run and a cough may develop. Serious illnesses are likely to happen to people long exposed to polluted air. Chronic bronchitis, emphysema and lung cancer are common in air polluted areas. Cigarette smoking is closely related to the development of long cancer. Heart diseases, especially heart attacks occur more in places where there is a high level of carbon monoxide in the air. 1. Accidents Vehicle accidents happen more often in places where air is polluted. These accidents may be caused by poor visibility in the polluted air. Or they may be caused by increased exposure to carbon monoxide. People with watery eyes, headaches and breathing problems often find it hard to drive in air polluted areas. 2. High economic cost The government may spend billions of pesos per year to control air pollution. However, little has been done by the government to control air pollution due to the struggling economy and the low economic growth. The United States spends around 4o billion dollars a year to control air pollution. The cost of air pollution is about 200 dollars per year for each person. Air pollution can also add to the rusting and corrosion of vehicles and machinery. Even farm crops may be harmed or stunted in growth by air pollution. There is a way out of this trap. In a word, it is sacrifice. The fact that there is no way both to clean up the environment and conserve natural resources without changing the life-style of people in the industrialized nations. The challenge is that of motivating people to make the necessary changes now, before a worldwide disaster forces much more difficult adjustments upon us. Preventing of Air Pollution Everyone needs to care more about the problem of air pollution. Car exhausts and air conditioning systems can be checked at regular times and kept in good working condition. Air conditioners, if not working properly, may give off harmful hydrocarbons. Vehicles should not be allowed to idle for more than a few minutes because idling lets carbon monoxide escape in the sir. Use of public transportation would also lower the number of vehicles on the road and in return would also lower air pollution. Strict laws on transportation and industry must be enforced. Instead of burning trash, it should be allowed to decompose in pits. The decomposed materials can be utilized as fertilizer for plants and at the same time minimizes smoke in the air. Stricter laws on cigarette smoking should also be enforced. The end result of this is lesser lung and heart ailments and cleaner atmosphere (Cline 1992, p.35-37). Political Action The real problem comes from the wealth the power of the opponents of environmental protection. On the local level, environmentalist face rich land developers who can make large campaign contributions to the politicians who decide what land may or may not be developed. At higher levels of government, environmentalists face even more powerful foes: multinational corporations that stand to make big profits from despoiling the environment. Included here are some of the most powerful corporations in the world, such as petroleum and mineral companies that want to sink wells and mines in fragile wilderness areas, the manufacturers that spew pollutants into the air and water, and the firms that sell products such as polluting automobiles and unsafe pesticides. Such corporations have spent hundreds of million dollars to persuade the government not to outlaw their destructive activities (Diehl, p.20-21). The environmentalists and the concerned public simply do not have that kind of money. If we are to preserve the natural environment for ourselves and the generations to come, two things must be done. First, a stronger educational campaign must be launched to make more people aware of environmental problems. Second, more ordinary citizens must join together and become involved in the political action necessary to strengthen anti-pollution laws, increase the enforcement effort, and protect our natural resources. Conserving Resources There is no doubt that our existing resources can be used far more efficiently. It is possible for a large-scale, multiple-stage recycling program to be introduced in imitation of natural ecosystems. To take a simple example, garbage could be used as fuel to run the mills to make recycled paper, the wastes from which could be burned as fuel. Similarly, it is possible that community water districts will some day become closed systems, meaning that the water would be used again and again, never being discharged into an ocean or river. Some factories already have such closed systems (Sarewitz 2000, p.55). It is possible to envision larger closed systems designed so that no industrial material would ever be discarded as either waste or pollution. Energy conservation can also stretch our natural resources. Insulating homes, driving smaller cars at slower speeds, riding trains and buses instead of driving cars, recycling the heat used in factories, and restricting the manufacture of energy-wasting gadgets are obvious ways of eliminating waste. The immediate task is not to develop technologies that are more energy sufficient; the challenge is to find ways or persuading people to use the conservation measures that are already available. Better Technology A growing number of scientists and concerned citizens are coming to see solar system as the best answer to the world’s energy problems. Solar power units use the endless supply of energy from the sun, are nonpolluting, and pose no threat of radiation or explosion. Other promising approaches use specially prepared ponds of water to trap solar energy or mirrors to concentrate it on a single location, where it can be used to generate electrical power (Tennesen 2004, p.85). Limiting Growth Technological solutions are attractive, but it is doubtful that they alone can resolve the environmental crisis. It is often argued that industrial growth is necessary to create new jobs for a growing population. The argument that economic growth is necessary to eliminate poverty and create a more egalitarian society is also misleading. Despite decades of rapid economic growth, the industrialized nations continue to show enormous inequalities of wealth and power (1991, p.12). Conclusion The environmental crisis does not mean everyone should return to hunting and gathering; the world’s current population is too large to even consider such an idea. Keeping a clean environment is the responsibility of the government, society and each individual. Today, air pollution must be given extra attention to protect people from this environmental danger. All of us must have aknowledge of this environmental menace. The young generations today, like us, crave for the total preservation of our natural resources, earnestly begging to put an end to wastage and preserve the natural wealth intended by our Mother Earth for the future. Yes, there is still gleaming hope to save our Mother Earth from total destruction. There is still a chance to regain the lost paradise we unscrupulously abused. We must do our part to make this world a safer place to live in, not just for ourselves and our neighbors but our future generations. The will to dynamic implementation to this urgent call lies in your strong and sustainable support, giving once more Mother Earth a chance to care for our lives now and in the future generations.